Scouts are going to build fires. That is pretty much a given. So, they should be trained to use fire safely. This BSA Firem’n Chit certification provides a set of rules which can be used for training with Scouts BSA.
Earning the Firem’n Chit is one of the initial milestones a Scout achieves on the path to mastering fire safety. Scouts are renowned for their commitment to camping and for respecting the wilderness, but these activities can only be conducted responsibly with a strong understanding of fire safety. The Firem’n Chit provides Scouts with essential knowledge and practical skills to safely manage and use fire in a variety of outdoor settings. This certification teaches the core principles of fire safety, helping Scouts ensure that fire is used both effectively and responsibly during their outdoor adventures.
Firem’n Chit Requirements
- I have read and understand use and safety rules from the Scouts BSA Handbook.
- I will build a campfire only when necessary and when I have the necessary permits (regulations vary by locality).
- I will minimize campfire impacts or use existing fire lays consistent with the principles of Leave No Trace. I will check to see that all flammable material is cleared at least 5 feet in all directions from fire (total 10 feet).
- I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
- I will see that fire is attended to at all times.
- I will make sure that water and/or a shovel is readily available. I will promptly report any wildfire to the proper authorities.
- I will use the cold-out test to make sure the fire is cold out and will make sure the fire lay is cleaned before I leave it.
- I follow the Outdoor Code, the Guide to Safe Scouting, and the principles of Leave No Trace and Tread Lightly!
Requirement #1 I have read and understand use and safety rules from the Scouts BSA Handbook.
Before striking your first match or starting your first campfire, it is essential to fully understand the Boy Scouts of America’s (BSA) fire safety guidelines and regulations. These rules are outlined in the Scout BSA Handbook, which includes a glossary at the back to help you find specific terms and their corresponding pages. Once you locate the section on Firem’n Chits, be sure to read it thoroughly. While I won’t repeat the entire fire safety section here, I will highlight some of the most important principles that every Scout must remember when working with or around fire:
- Fire is not a toy. Never remove burning sticks from a fire to throw or wave around, especially near others. This can lead to serious accidents or injuries.
- Fires must always be attended. A lit fire should never be left unattended, and at least one responsible person must be monitoring the fire at all times.
- Even smoldering coals are considered “lit.” Any fire, whether it’s a full blaze or just a few embers, must be fully extinguished and cold to the touch before it can be left unsupervised.
- Have firefighting resources on hand. Always keep at least two buckets of water or a fire extinguisher nearby when a fire is burning.
- Never light a flame inside a tent. Starting a fire inside a tent is incredibly dangerous and can quickly lead to a life-threatening situation.
- Clear the area around your fire. Ensure there is at least a five-foot radius of cleared vegetation around any fire you build, reducing the risk of the fire spreading.
- Use designated fire areas. Never build a fire at the base of living trees, on grassy areas, or in places where it could harm the environment. Always use a fire pit or other designated, safe fire zone.
By following these guidelines, Scouts help ensure that fires are used safely and responsibly, minimizing the risk of accidents and preserving the environment for future generations.
Propane, Stove, and Lantern Fire Safety Rules
Just like fire, propane must be handled with extreme care, as it is a highly flammable fuel commonly used by Scouts for cooking, heating, and lighting. Below are some essential safety tips to keep in mind when using propane or propane-powered equipment:
- Ensure secure gas connections. Always check that all gas connections are tightly sealed, but avoid over-tightening with tools, as this could damage the connections.
- Check for leaks. Before use, verify that all gas connections are fully secured and that there are no leaks. A small leak can be hazardous.
- Light matches or lighters first. When lighting a propane stove or lantern, always strike the match or lighter before turning on the gas. This helps prevent a dangerous flare-up.
- Place equipment on a stable surface. Make sure that propane-powered tools, such as stoves and lanterns, are placed on a flat, stable surface that will not melt or catch fire.
- Never leave equipment unattended. Never leave a lit propane stove or lantern unattended, as an accident can occur in a moment of distraction.
- Allow equipment to cool. Always let propane-powered equipment cool completely before packing it away. This helps prevent accidental burns or equipment damage.
- Store propane canisters safely. Store propane canisters in a cool, dry place, away from open flames, heat sources, or direct sunlight. Propane canisters can explode if exposed to excessive heat or flame.
By following these safety tips, Scouts can safely use propane and propane-powered tools, minimizing the risks associated with handling this potentially dangerous fuel while enjoying the benefits it offers in outdoor settings.
Requirement #2 I will build a campfire only when necessary and when I have the necessary permits (regulations vary by locality).
While campfires can be a source of warmth, light, and enjoyment, it’s important to remember that they should not be built indiscriminately. There are specific times and places when starting a fire is either prohibited or unsafe, and understanding these guidelines is essential for both your safety and the protection of the environment. Many areas—especially during certain seasons—have strict regulations governing when and where campfires can be made.
Before gathering your matches, tinder, and kindling, take the time to familiarize yourself with the fire regulations for the area where you’ll be camping. Here are some examples of situations where it may be illegal or highly dangerous to build a fire:
- During Dry Seasons or in High Winds: Dry conditions and strong winds significantly increase the risk of a fire spreading uncontrollably, even from a small spark.
- In Fire-Restricted Areas: Many regions, particularly those prone to wildfires, may have fire bans in place due to seasonal conditions or heightened fire risk.
- When It’s Only for Recreation, Outside a Fire Pit: Building a fire just for fun or without a designated fire pit increases the risk of an accidental blaze, especially in areas with dry vegetation.
- If You’re Burning Hazardous Materials: Burning materials such as plastics, chemicals, or trash can release toxic fumes and pose significant environmental and health risks.
- Without a Fire Permit: In some locations, you must obtain a permit before lighting a fire. This ensures that the fire is managed safely and within the guidelines of the area’s regulations.
These rules are designed to prevent wildfires, which can devastate natural habitats, destroy property, and endanger lives. For example, in situations where the wind was too strong, I’ve opted not to build a fire for cooking, as the risk of a dangerous flare-up outweighed the benefit of a campfire. By respecting these regulations, we help protect both the natural environment and the safety of everyone enjoying the outdoors.
Requirement #3 I will minimize campfire impacts or use existing fire lays consistent with the principles of Leave No Trace. I will check to see that all flammable material is cleared at least 5 feet in all directions from fire (total 10 feet).
One of the core tenets of Scouting is the principle of Leave No Trace, which encourages us to protect and preserve the Earth’s natural resources for the benefit of future generations. This principle is particularly critical when it comes to managing campfires, as they can cause lasting damage to the environment if not properly handled.
Here’s a brief overview of the key Leave No Trace principles:
- Plan Ahead and Prepare
- Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
- Dispose of Waste Properly
- Leave What You Find
- Minimize Campfire Impacts
- Respect Wildlife
- Be Considerate of Other Visitors
While all of these principles are vital, but I will stress specifically on Minimizing Campfire Impacts. This principle aims to reduce environmental harm and conserve resources when building and maintaining a fire.
Additionally, it’s essential to keep flammable materials—such as propane, lighter fluid, and other chemical items—at a safe distance from the fire. Clothing and any items that could easily catch fire should also be kept well away to ensure safety.
Requirement #4 I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
There are a variety of materials that can be used to start a fire, each with its own characteristics and requirements for safe handling. However, it’s essential to understand that some of these fire-starting tools can pose significant risks if not stored properly. Ensuring their safety is crucial not only for the well-being of those around you but also to guarantee they remain effective for future use during camping trips or outdoor activities.
The following are common fire-starting materials and their respective categories:
- Lighter Fluid: A liquid accelerant used to ignite fires quickly. It is highly flammable and should be stored in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources or sparks.
- Dryer Lint / Dry Firestarter: Often used as a quick-burning material, dryer lint can easily catch fire. While it is a great firestarter, it should be stored in a moisture-free container to prevent accidental ignition.
- Matches: A traditional fire-starting tool, matches must be kept in a dry, secure location to ensure they work when needed. Waterproof match cases can help maintain their functionality in damp conditions.
- Flint and Steel: This age-old fire-starting method relies on striking the steel against flint to produce sparks. Though generally safer than liquid accelerants, the tools should still be stored in a dry place to prevent rust or damage to the flint.
- Tinder: The smallest fire-starting materials, typically consisting of pencil-sized twigs or smaller. Tinder catches fire easily and should be stored in a dry, airtight container to ensure it’s ready for use.
- Kindling: These are medium-sized sticks and branches, about the thickness of your thumb and length of your arm, that help build a fire once the tinder is lit. Kindling should be stored off the ground and sheltered from moisture to maintain its effectiveness.
- Fuel/Firewood: The largest fire-starting material, typically dry wood that’s wrist-thick or larger. It serves as the sustaining fuel for a fire once it has been established. Firewood should be kept dry and stacked in a way that allows air circulation to prevent mold or rot.
While not all of these materials are prone to sudden combustion or explosions, they all require proper storage to minimize risk. Lighter fluid, in particular, is highly volatile and can ignite from even a small spark or heat source. It’s vital that all fire-starting materials are stored securely and away from open flames, heat, or electrical equipment, and are kept out of the reach of children or unauthorized individuals. By following these safety guidelines, you can ensure that your fire-starting tools remain both effective and safe for future outdoor adventures.
Requirement #5 I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
While this principle may seem straightforward, it is crucial and often overlooked: never leave a fire unattended. As a responsible Scout, it is your duty to stay with the fire until it is completely extinguished. If, for any reason, you cannot remain by the fire, it is essential to assign a trustworthy individual to monitor it until it is fully out.
The primary reason for never leaving a fire unattended is the risk that it can spread unexpectedly. Even a small spark can quickly catch nearby dry vegetation, potentially leading to a dangerous wildfire. This not only threatens the surrounding forest and wildlife but can also result in the destruction of your campsite and the surrounding area.
Once a fire begins to spread beyond control, it is extremely difficult—if not impossible—to regain control on your own. In many cases, fires can escalate rapidly, especially in windy conditions or in dry environments, making them incredibly dangerous. Therefore, it’s essential to maintain vigilance and ensure that the fire is constantly monitored until it is safely out.
By staying with the fire or designating someone responsible to watch over it, you are helping to protect the environment, your fellow Scouts, and yourself. Always remember: safety first. Properly managing and extinguishing a fire is not just about following good practice—it’s about preventing potential disasters that could have far-reaching consequences.
Requirement #6 I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
Having water and a shovel nearby any fire is extremely important. If your fire starts getting out of control, you’ll need to react fast. Here’s what shovels and water can do to help fight fires:
- A shovel is great for burying the fire, smothering it, and stopping its spread.
- Water is great for dousing the burning fuel, which should put small wood fires out almost immediately.
Requirement #7 I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
The cold-out test is a crucial step in ensuring your fire is completely extinguished. It may seem like the fire has gone out after hours of smoldering, but often, there are still hot spots that can reignite and spread, especially in dry conditions. Fortunately, the cold-out test is simple to perform—just make sure to test the ash and surrounding area for heat.
A few things to keep in mind: allow the fire to cool down sufficiently before performing the test to avoid burning yourself. Here’s a step-by-step guide to conducting the cold-out test safely and effectively:
How to Perform the Cold-Out Test:
- Check for Radiating Heat: Hold your hand about 6 inches above the entire surface of the fire pit to see if it’s still radiating heat. This will help you identify if there’s any lingering warmth.
- Scan for Hot Patches: Slowly move your hand around the fire pit to check for any areas that may still be hot. Pay close attention to spots that may not be immediately obvious.
- Stir the Ashes: Stir the wet coals or ash around to break them up and allow for better airflow. This can help expose any remaining hot spots that might have been hidden beneath the surface.
- Feel Again: After stirring, check the area again by moving your hand over the surface to feel for warmth.
- Handle Hot Spots: If you find any warm spots, stir them into the water or damp ash to fully extinguish them.
- No Warm Areas: If you don’t detect any heat after stirring and feeling the entire area, the fire should be safe to touch and is no longer a fire hazard.
Important Precautions:
- Watch for Embers: While performing the cold-out test, always be on the lookout for glowing embers. If you see any glowing or flickering, the fire is not fully out. In this case, wait for the embers to stop glowing or smoke to dissipate before checking again.
- Ensure Full Extinguishment: A fire pit can appear to be cold on the surface but still harbor hidden heat beneath the ash. Always take the time to thoroughly test and stir the ashes to ensure there’s no remaining heat or risk of re-ignition.
Clean-Up After the Fire:
Once you’ve confirmed that the fire is completely out and cold, it’s time to clean up the area. Follow the Leave No Trace principles to leave the campsite as you found it. While ash can remain in the pit, any half-burned logs, sticks, or other debris should be carefully removed. Dispose of them properly—do not leave trash or leftover materials behind.
By thoroughly performing the cold-out test and cleaning up after your fire, you’re not only ensuring the safety of your campsite but also contributing to the preservation of the environment for future Scouts. Always remember: a well-done cold-out test is one of the best ways to prevent potential wildfire hazards.
Requirement #8 I will safely use and store fire-starting materials.
As your final requirement, one of the most important parts of earning your Firem’m Chip is to have a thorough understanding of the Outdoor Code. Remember, Scouts leave no trace! Let’s take a second to revisit the Outdoor Code, written below:
As an American, I will do my best to—
Be clean in my outdoor manners.
Be careful with fire.
Be considerate in the outdoors.
Be conservation-minded.
Refer another blog Totin’ Chip for more details on outdoor code.
The Guide to Safe Scouting
The Guide to Safe Scouting is more comprehensive than the Outdoor Code, but it is just as important to read and follow at all times. Essentially, it’s a compact handbook that outlines the safety guidelines for nearly every Scouting activity you can imagine.
The BSA provides an online version of the Guide, which you should review thoroughly before completing the Firem’n Chit. This guide covers a wide range of scenarios and situations you may encounter on an outing, helping to ensure you’re well-prepared for all your future outdoor adventures. By familiarizing yourself with its contents, you’ll have the knowledge needed to make safety a priority, no matter the activity.
Tread Lightly
Finally, Tread Lightly is a non-profit organization and a valued partner of the BSA, dedicated to promoting responsible behavior in the wilderness. They offer a set of guiding principles, known as TREAD, which can help you navigate outdoor adventures with care and respect for the environment:
- Travel Responsibly
- Respect the Rights of Others
- Educate Yourself
- Avoid Sensitive Areas
- Do Your Part
These principles align closely with the core values we learn in Scouting, but they serve as an important reminder to be mindful of our impact when exploring the outdoors. By following the Tread Lightly principles, you help protect nature for future generations while fostering a spirit of responsibility and respect.
Congrats on Finishing Your Firem’n Chit !
You can refer a pretty good YouTube video which explains this certificate in detail
